Alexandria is a major Mediterranean port city in northern Egypt and the country’s second-largest city. Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, Alexandria has long been a center of culture, learning, and trade, and remains one of Egypt’s most historically significant and cosmopolitan cities.

Overview

Often called “The Bride of the Mediterranean”, Alexandria is known for its mild climate, seaside corniche, and Greco-Roman heritage. The city has played a key role in connecting Egypt with the Mediterranean world for over two millennia.

Geography

Alexandria lies along the Mediterranean Sea, approximately 225 km north of Cairo. The city stretches along a narrow strip of land between the sea and Lake Mariout, giving it a distinctive coastal character.

Climate

Alexandria has a Mediterranean climate (Csa).

• Summer: Warm and humid, with average temperatures around 30°C (86°F)

• Winter: Mild and relatively rainy compared to the rest of Egypt

• Sea breezes moderate temperatures year-round

History

Alexandria was founded as the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt and quickly became one of the greatest cities of the ancient world. It was home to the legendary Library of Alexandria and the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Over the centuries, the city came under Roman, Byzantine, Islamic, and Ottoman rule, each leaving a lasting cultural imprint.

Economy

Alexandria is a vital economic center, supported by:

• Egypt’s largest seaport

• Manufacturing and petrochemical industries

• Trade, shipping, and logistics

• Tourism and cultural industries

Culture and Heritage

The city is rich in historical and cultural landmarks, including:

• Bibliotheca Alexandrina

• Citadel of Qaitbay

• Pompey’s Pillar

• Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa

• Montaza Palace and Gardens

Transportation

Alexandria is connected to Cairo by highways and railways. The city is served by Borg El Arab International Airport. Local transportation includes buses, trams, and taxis.

Population

Alexandria has a population of over 5 million people, making it one of the largest urban centers in Egypt. Its population reflects a blend of Egyptian traditions and Mediterranean influences.

Lifestyle

Alexandria is known for its relaxed coastal lifestyle, historic neighborhoods, cafés, and cultural scene. The city’s identity blends ancient history with modern urban life, offering a distinct atmosphere compared to other Egyptian cities.